How is ethiopia

It has a unique cultural heritage, being the home of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church - one of the oldest Christian denominations - and a monarchy that ended only in the coup of It served as a symbol of African independence throughout the continent's colonial period, and was a founder member of the United Nations and the African base for many international organisations. Drought and civil conflict left Ethiopia in a state of turmoil under a Marxist dictatorship from the fall of the monarchy until , when the long authoritarian rule of Meles Zenawi brought a degree of stability.

Since , Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has launched a campaign of political liberalisation at home and sought to end disputes with Ethiopia's neighbours, in particular Eritrea. Ms Sahle-Work, an experienced diplomat, promised to work to make gender equality a reality at her swearing-in to the largely ceremonial post. She took office a week after Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed appointed a cabinet with half the posts taken by women.

Prime minister: Abiy Ahmed. The new leader pledged to try to end longstanding tensions with neighbouring Eritrea, and within months the two countries declared that the state of war between them was over.

Mr Abiy also pledged to bring more transparency to government and reconciliation to a country that had been torn by protests since He is Ethiopia's first leader from the Oromo ethnic group, which has been at the centre of anti-government protests since The prime minister faced the first major challenge to his political course in a coup attempt in Amhara State in June The CPF is helping to promote structural and economic transformation through increased productivity in rural and urban areas by focusing on basic education, access to markets, and job opportunities for youth.

It is also helping to build resilience and inclusiveness including gender equality by improving safety nets, investing in productive landscapes, and focusing on the Early Years agenda. The CPF also supports institutional accountability and assists in combating corruption by focusing on improving governance and promoting social accountability.

The portfolio includes financing for national programs on agriculture, sustainable land management, basic service delivery including health, education, and water and sanitation , as well as support in the energy, transportation, trade logistics, and financial sectors. The International Development Association IDA also provides analytics and advisory services to provide support for evidence-based decision-making and stronger implementation on a wide range of development issues.

There has been significant expansion of the general education system, increasing from 7. In addition, IDA supports the technical and vocational education and training and higher education sub-sectors through its regional projects — East Africa Skills for Transformation and Regional Integration Project — to increase the access and improve the quality of TVET programs in selected Regional Flagship TVET Institutes and to support regional integration in East Africa; and Eastern and Southern Africa Higher Education Centers of Excellence Project - to strengthen selected institutions to deliver quality postgraduate education and build collaborative research capacity in the regional priority areas.

More than 52 million people in Ethiopia now live within 1. About 67 million people gained access to a latrine, at an average rate of 2. Roads are a critical lifeline for a country like Ethiopia that is landlocked, and that relies heavily on agriculture, and now more increasingly with the push of an industrialization agenda.

To address constraints in the road sector, mainly low road coverage and poor condition of the road network, the government formulated the Road Sector Development Program RSDP in To date, approximately , km have been built and upgraded under RSDP. IDA has worked with other development partners including the African Development Bank, European Union, and other bilateral partners in building country capacity in areas like road asset management including piloting of performance based contracts , road safety, enhancing climate resilience, boosting road agency safeguards management, and expanding on the Expressway Development Program.

Both the government and the majority of international partners are keen to deepen the harmonization process in the spirit of the Paris Declaration and Accra Agenda for Action Partners are currently considering how to build on this progress in light of the Accra Agenda. Much of the collective effort is focused on furthering harmonization through major multi-donor programs and policy areas of importance. The project brings together traditional and non-traditional development partners to work on a single project, with standardized design, safeguards, and joint supervision.

Longstanding grievances and increasing polarization over historical and complex questions about land, politics, and identity, led to deadly violence among ethnic communities in Violence on 22 university campuses in , mainly in the Oromia and Amhara regions , continued in the first half of the year, prompting an estimated 35, students to flee. In January, conflict between Amhara and Oromo groups erupted in Harar over the use of the old national flag and decorations during the Orthodox Christian celebration Epiphany, resulting in an unknown number of casualties and the destruction of property.

Afar and Somali communities routinely clashed over border demarcations and access to land and resources, claiming civilian lives on both sides. Fighting since January reportedly resulted in 35, displaced— half of the conflict-induced displacements recorded in the country between January and June Over people were killed , some by security forces , others in attacks by civilian assailants who also looted and burned the businesses and homes of ethnic Amharas and other minority communities, causing significant property destruction and the displacement of over 9, people.

In some cases, security forces failed to intervene in time to protect lives and property or participated in the looting.

Violence by armed groups, and among ethnic-Gumuz, Agew, Amhara, and other communities in the Metekel zone of the Benishangul-Gumuz region, intensified in April , causing residents to flee.

Yet, authorities in Benishangul-Gumuz and Amhara region began returning thousands of internally displaced people within Metekel in April. Attacks by armed groups escalated in August and September , targeting security forces, officials, and residents, including ethnic Amharas, resulting in scores killed , kidnappings, property destruction , and renewed displacement. He continues to be detained on an unclear basis and without charge at time of writing.

Police accused Yayesew of disseminating false information and refused to comply with two court bail orders for his release. Following the late June violence, authorities arrested over 9, people , including government critics and journalists. In several high-profile cases, authorities appealed or seemed to ignore bail orders , requested more time to investigate, or transferred suspects between police authorities, some with overlapping jurisdictions, without informing relatives or counsel.

In September, authorities charged prominent opposition figures Jawar Mohammed, Bekele Gerba, and Eskinder Nega under the criminal code and under the newly enacted terrorism law for their suspected involvement in the unrest. On January 3, the government shut down internet and phone connections for three months in western Oromia, significantly restricting freedom of expression and hampering the delivery of essential services , including amid a global health pandemic.

Connectivity was restored on March The shutdown impacted the communication and coordination of humanitarian agencies and limited access to information and critical reporting. Officials also arrested over a dozen journalists and media workers and launched independent investigations into several media outlets. Similarly, on November 4, internet and phone connectivity was cut in the Tigray region after the federal government ordered troops to respond to an alleged attack by Tigray forces on a military base in the area.

In January, parliament approved a law on hate speech and disinformation , taking effect on March Rights groups warned that the law contained overbroad and vague language that could have a chilling effect on free expression and access to information online. In May, journalist Yayesew Shimelis was the first person charged under it. On April 8, Ethiopia declared a five-month state of emergency , giving authorities sweeping powers to respond to Covid